\u0130nsano\u011flunun sad\u0131k dostu k\u00f6pe\u011fin, k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131nda bu g\u00fcne kadar bir \u00e7ok tahminler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tam olarak kan\u0131tlayamayan k\u00f6pekgillerin k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, atas\u0131n\u0131n kurt (Canis lupis) oldu\u011fu ve bu kurtlar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10-15 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f tomarctus’lar\u0131n evrimi sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kabul g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00f6pekgiller olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz bu kurtlar\u0131n Avrupaya g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 7 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu ve 1 milyon y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce bat\u0131ya do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek yay\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu g\u00f6\u00e7ler s\u0131ras\u0131nda evrimini tamamlayan Canis lupis’in (kurt) evcil k\u00f6pe\u011fin (Canis familaris) atas\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul g\u00f6ren en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc teoridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak bu evrimle\u015fmenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n daha ge\u00e7mi\u015f d\u00f6nemlere rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan arkeolojik bulgularla\u00a0desteklenmektedir. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar memeliler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan senozoik zamanda (65 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce) k\u00f6pek \u00f6zelliklerine sahip bir canl\u0131n\u0131n ilk insans\u0131 maymunlarla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Milyonlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir evrimle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinden ge\u00e7en bu memelilerin paleosen d\u00f6nemde (65-55 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce) g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve Eosen d\u00f6neminde (34-55 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce) evrimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, ilkel bir etobur olan “Miacidis” (Miacis) den k\u00f6ken ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu hayvan iki k\u00f6pek di\u015fine sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kurt, k\u00f6pek ve ay\u0131 ve kedilerin\u00a0 atas\u0131 say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn “Miacidis” soyundan gelen hayvanlar sansar, gelincik olarak k\u0131sa boyda uzun yap\u0131l\u0131 ve etobur olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Daha sonra Oligosen d\u00f6nemde (23-37 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce) k\u00f6pe\u011fe benzer y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131lar olan Hesperocyon\u2019lardan k\u00f6ken ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Cynodictis 12.000.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce kedi ve k\u00f6pe\u011fin birbirinden ayr\u0131 olarak geli\u015fmeye devam etti\u011fi neosen d\u00f6nemde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cynodictis” iki t\u00fcre ayr\u0131larak evrimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bunlardan birincisi s\u0131rtlana \u00e7ok benzeyen ve kedimsi \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yan Cynodesmus, di\u011feri ise kurt, k\u00f6pek, \u00e7akal ve tilkilerin di\u011fer bir atas\u0131 olan Tomarctus\u2019tur.<\/p>\n

Amerikal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re, 37 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve kesici di\u015fleriyle di\u011fer t\u00fcrlerden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 olan hesperecyon\u2019lar ilk olarak kuzey Amerikada ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hesperecyon, 7 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce Avrupaya ge\u00e7ti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Eucyon\u2019lar\u0131n atas\u0131d\u0131r. Daha sonra, Avrupa\u2019dan Asya\u2019ya yay\u0131lan Eucon\u2019lar, kurtlar, k\u0131r kurtlar\u0131 ve \u00e7akallar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 grubun geli\u015fmesinde etkin olmu\u015ftur. Bu grubun \u00fcyesi olan kurtlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesi ile olu\u015fan, 1 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce evrimini tamamlayan boz kurt (Canis lupis)\u2019de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz k\u00f6pek \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n atas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan son \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar k\u00f6peklerin evrim s\u00fcreci konusunda pek \u00e7ok soru i\u015faretinin yan\u0131t bulmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130sve\u00e7li ve Avustralyal\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n, Avusturalya ya \u00f6zg\u00fc yabani k\u00f6pekler olan Dingo\u2019nun k\u00f6kenini genetik olarak \u00e7\u00f6zmesi k\u00f6pe\u011fin evrim s\u00fcrecinin ayd\u0131nlanmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda\u00a0 Dingo\u2019lar\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019daki evcil k\u00f6peklerden t\u00fcremi\u015f oldu\u011funun bulunmas\u0131 yabani k\u00f6peklerin k\u00f6keni konusunu tam olarak ayd\u0131nlatm\u0131\u015f ve bu konudaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da sonlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle New Scientist dergisi, yabani k\u00f6peklerin k\u00f6kenleri hakk\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n art\u0131k kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc desteklemektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yeni G\u00fcney Wales \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden Alan Wilton ve Stockholm Kraliyet Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden Peter Savolainen, Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan Dingo\u2019lar\u0131n kal\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 k\u0131talardaki k\u00f6pek ve kurt \u0131rklar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Buna g\u00f6re Dingo\u2019lar\u0131n atalar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 5000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Avustralya\u2019ya gelen evcil g\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya k\u00f6pekleriydi. Bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re ev k\u00f6peklerinden, bug\u00fcn yaban\u0131l ya\u015fam s\u00fcren Dingo\u2019lar\u0131n geli\u015fmesi \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrmemi\u015fti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Genetik\u00e7iler kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in anneden ge\u00e7en ve ku\u015faklar boyu de\u011fi\u015fmeyen mitokondriyal DNA\u2019dan yararlanm\u0131\u015flar. Bu \u015fekilde akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkileri kesin bir \u015fekilde saptanabildi\u011fi gibi ayr\u0131ca evcil k\u00f6pek ve Dingo\u2019lar\u0131n ne \u015fekilde ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da bilgi veriyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yabani k\u00f6peklerin DNA\u2019lar\u0131nda \u00e7ok az farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle Wilton ve Savolainen, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Dingo\u2019lar\u0131n olas\u0131l\u0131kla tek bir \u00e7iftten geli\u015fmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndeler.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00f6pe\u011fin tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 yapmak istersek \u015f\u00f6yle bir s\u0131ralama g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/span>
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/span>Memeli hayvanlar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan,
\nCarnivorlar (etobur) tak\u0131m\u0131ndan,
\nCanidea ailesinden,
\nCanis familaris<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00f6pekler canl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7inde en fazla \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steren t\u00fcrd\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bilinen yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 t\u00fcr vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsano\u011flunun sad\u0131k dostu k\u00f6pe\u011fin, k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131nda bu g\u00fcne kadar bir \u00e7ok tahminler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tam olarak kan\u0131tlayamayan k\u00f6pekgillerin k\u00f6keni hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, atas\u0131n\u0131n kurt (Canis lupis) oldu\u011fu ve bu kurtlar\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10-15 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f tomarctus’lar\u0131n evrimi sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. K\u00f6pekgiller olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz bu kurtlar\u0131n Avrupaya g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":233,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[8],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=232"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":235,"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/232\/revisions\/235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.irmakopekciftligi.com\/irma\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}